Introduction Hallux rigidus is a degenerative arthritis that affects the large joint at the base of the big toe (Fig.1). Degenerative arthritis results from wear and tear on the joint surface over time. The condition may also follow an injury to the joint
Introduction Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition that causes ankle pain and stiffness (Fig. 1). Osteochondritis dissecans can affect all age groups and usually follows a twisting injury to the ankle such as an ankle sprain. Osteochondritis dissecans
Introduction Plantar fasciitis, sometimes called a heel spur, is a condition that causes pain on the bottom of the heel when putting weight on the foot. There can be many underlying causes of heel pain, and sometimes finding the precise reason for the pain
Introduction Problems that affect the Achilles tendon (Fig. 1) are common among active middle-aged people. These problems cause pain at the back of the calf and may result in a rupture of the Achilles tendon in severe cases.
Introduction Claw toe and hammertoe conditions are fairly common in cultures that wear shoes. In most cases, these problems can be traced directly to ill-fitting shoes. Anatomy The four smaller toes of each foot contain three bones (phalanges) and three
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